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What are the advantages of three-phase power systems?

Three-phase alternating current (AC) power is used to deliver electricity to data centres, commercial, and industrial buildings that house machinery that requires a lot of power. There is a reason for this. Three-phase power can deliver more power with improved efficiency, when compared to single-phase power.  Single-phase AC is commonly used in homes and light commercial properties for lighting and small appliances. 

Why is Three-Phase Power Systems Necessary?

Being able to deliver large amount of power is important for server rooms and data centres, both of which have high densities. Powerful computing systems are being placed in the same spaces housed by servers that used to draw a small amount of power when compared to today's computing and networking demands.

Single-Phase AC Power Systems

Single-phase AC power uses a three-wire delivery system that comprises of a hot wire, neutral wire, and a ground wire. The current reverses periodically, allowing it to flow one way on the hot wire to deliver power to the load, then the other way on the neutral wire. The full cycle takes a three hundred and sixty degree phase change with the voltage reversing up to sixty times a second, depending on the system and location.

Three-Phase Power Systems

Three-phase power systems provide three separate currents, each one separated by one third of the time it takes to complete a full cycle. Unlike single-phase power, the currents are always separated by one hundred and twenty degrees.

As a result, when any one line is at its peak current, the other two are not. This means that there is power being delivered to the load at all times. The collective amount of power supplied by all three currents is constant without peaking, that you may experience with single-phase power systems.

Computers and other heavy machinery have been designed taking this into consideration, drawing a steady stream of constant power, rather than accounting for variations you experience with single-phase AC power, therefore they use less energy.

What are the Advantages of Three-phase Power Systems?

One of the main benefits of three-phase power systems is that they are able to deliver close to double the amount of power that you get with single-phase systems without requiring double the amount of wiring. 

In order to fully understand how three-phase systems deliver more power, you need to know the formula. The formula for single-phase systems is Power = Voltage (V) x Current (I) x Power Factor (PF). For three-phase, the formula is Power = Voltage (V) x Current (I) x Power Factor (PF) x square root of three. 

The additional power provided by three-phase power systems is useful when it comes to powering IT systems. By delivering power directly to the server rack, you use less expensive cabling and other components, all delivering more power. 

Conclusion

Overall, most UK homes run off single-phase power systems, while large commercial, industrial, and servers run off three-phase, as it delivers double the amount of power and it delivers it consistently. Are you struggling with power in your business? Are your servers draining the power and leaving you stranded? Give DKP Electrics a call today and see if three-phase power systems are the best solution for you moving forward.

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